The Theory Of Criminal Behavior - 1412 Words

Chapter eight starts off with explaining the first group of social process theories that are rooted in their notion that criminal behavior is learned by a social context. There has been a learning perspective that assumed that there are law- breaking values, norms, and etc. The section goes on to explain the theories envision that a criminal’s behavior is a product of the same learning process of noncriminal behavior. Crime is known for being constructed as a normal behavior rather than pathological. The task of this learning theory is to detail the process through which pattern are cultivated. According to the 2005 presidential address that American Society of Criminology, which that Julie Horney proposed to the board version of the Skinnerian to be rooted for learning theories. These theories have the potential to organize much of our knowledge about criminal behaviors. 2. According to Brown, Esbensen Geis, social control, like learning and culture conflict theories, revolves around the socializing process. ( pg. 334) This quote helps to explain how social control is like learning and a cultural theories is to be resolve around the process of socializing process. Based on these theories there has been a propensity of crime that is a function of social processes that been assumed or delineated. The section goes on to explain the key term Control theories. â€Å"Control theories represent a sharp contrast with other theoretical approaches, even those similarly classifiedShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Criminal Behavior955 Words   |  4 PagesThe theory I believe that explains criminal behavior and delinquency the best would be the Differential Reinforcement Theory, reviewed by Robert Burgess and Ronald Akers after it was criticized by C.R. Jeffery. Burgess and Akers argued against Sutherland’s work by using what he had used already and adding op erant conditioning and modeling/condition in order to explain criminal behavior more clearly. They offered seven propositions to summarize the Differential Reinforcement Theory, which was a justificationRead MoreThe Theories Of Criminal Behavior893 Words   |  4 PagesCriminal behavior can be defined as any type of disruptive behavior or antisocial behavior that violates a law and is punishable by society. The three main causes of criminal behavior are psychological impacts, sociological influences, and biological factors. Although there are many more factors that can trigger criminal behaviors, they can all be summed up into the never-ending question, nature versus nature? The psychological approach to criminal behavior is categorized into the nurture sideRead MoreTheory of Criminal Behavior2402 Words   |  10 PagesRunning head: Theories of Criminal Behavior Theories of Criminal Behavior Theories of Criminal Behavior The beginning of civilization dawned a new era in which man came together to live amongst one another in relative peace and prosperity. The advent of civilization however also brought about people who choose to live a life outside of societal norms and law, norms and thus was the creation of the criminal. All civilizations tried to suppress and discourage crime by using aRead MoreThe Theory Of Criminal Behavior1333 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal behavior has been a difficult term to define over the years due to the many variables that must be taken into account in order to present an accurate definition. However, the definition provided by Bartol is as follows, â€Å"Behavior in violation of the criminal code that is intentional and without justification or excuse† (Bartol, 2014). A vital variable that is represented in criminal behavior is crime. The fundamental purpose of theory is to explain things that can be observed. When discussingRead MoreThe Theory Of Criminal Beha vior Essay2360 Words   |  10 Pageseven though there have been harsh laws enforced for those who commit crimes. These people have come up with theories as to why people commit crimes to understand these theories, we must understand what a crime is and understand the definition of theories. Crime is a human conduct that violates the laws of a state or the federal government. There are different ways people view criminal behaviors either through the view of the social problem perspective which blames the society and the social responsibilityRead MoreThe Theory Of Criminal Behavior1608 Words   |  7 Pagescauses of his criminal behaviour through the three different criminological schools of thought: classical, positivist, and sociological. There are a number of concepts of crime including human nature, the society, social contract, the law, and punishment. The central concepts of the classical school of thought is that people are egotistical, rational, motivated by pain and pleasure, people choose their behaviour, and behaviour can be modified by fear of punishment. The classical theory focuses onRead MoreThe Theory Of Criminal Behavior1191 Words   |  5 Pagesreason being is criminal behaviour sometimes can t be defined. Law in our society is defined by social and legal intuitions, not in biology. What is criminal in one country may not be in another so how can one gene deformation cause one to become a criminal ? So, as these studies have found, there appears to be some genetic traits that can influence criminal behaviour such as a person’s gender or mental illness. But this doesn t mean there is an evil gene which all criminals inherit, socialRead MoreBiological Theories Of Criminal Behavior844 Words à ‚  |  4 PagesBiological Theories are vastly growing with fascinating research. The main stump is concretely linking it to criminal behavior, because some theories are more relatable than others. Theories involving temperament and hormones give real life biological explanations, while others like extrovert and introvert behaviors, and neuroticism explain a weaker link to crime. However, all theories are valuable in exploring the root of crime. Temperament can be described as the natural mood disposition determinedRead MoreThe Psychological Theories Of Criminal Behavior883 Words   |  4 PagesPsychological Theories The psychological theories of criminal behavior focus on the lack of socialization, incomplete cognitive development, and bad childhood experiences. Those who study psychological theories believe that failures in cognitive development can be a major factor in malfunctioning behavior. These criminals have difficulty controlling anger and containing violence, which causes them to lash out. The results of these episodes are murder, rape, robbery, assault, and battery. Many moreRead MoreEssay on Theory of Criminal Behavior1000 Words   |  4 Pages1.0 Introduction Crime depicts any act or omission that is prohibited by the public law. On the same note, behavior is a function which has measurable differences in psychological characteristics among individuals (Brennan-Galvin, 2002). Such characteristics may be influenced by constitutional, personality attributes, and neurophysiologic or genetics factors. Likewise, criminal behavior is the commission of acts which in their situational and social settings are considered crimes due to the fact

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 957 Words

The story The Great Gatsby occurs within the limits of Long Island, New York, in the summer of 1922. 1922 was the era of perished moral values, distrust, greediness, and an unfilled search of happiness. F. Scott Fitzgerald author of this novel introduces many characters who, ultimately, are in search of the American Dream. Nick Carraway, the narrator, goes to New York in hopes of learning about the bond business. Nick hopes that one day become rich. He lives in West Egg were the â€Å"new rich† reside. Jay Gatsby is Nick’s neighbor. Gatsby is admired by Nick due to the fact that Gatsby is young, rich, and handsome. Gatsby was always aspiring to leave his old life of poverty behind, and got the opportunity when he met Dan Cody. Dan Cody was a wealthy old man that saw how ambitious Gatsby was and hired him as an assistant. Gatsby was able to get connections through Dan Cody, and made his money as a bootlegger. East Egg which is the place where â€Å"old rich† resid e. Here resides, Tom Buchanan, who is a dominant, unfaithful, arrogant man who went to school with Nick. Daisy, Tom’s wife and Nick’s cousin. Jordan Baker also resides in East Egg. She is a professional golfer and is friends with both Daisy and Tom. The Great Gatsby also shows many symbols representing or having ties with his famous American Dream. One of the main symbols is the green light that Gatsby is always looking at. This light first appears in the beginning of the book when Nick see’s Gatsby standing on his WestShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. Beneath the gilded faà §ade, however, was an author who struggled with domestic and physical difficulties that plagued his personal life and career throughout its short span. This author helped to laun ch the theme that is so prevalent in his work; the human instinct to yearn for more, into the forefront of American literature, where itRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1343 Words   |  6 PagesHonors English 10 Shugart 18 Decemeber 2014 The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald s 1925 novel The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story, a mystery, and a social commentary on American life. The Great Gatsby is about the lives of four wealthy characters observed by the narrator, Nick Carroway. Throughout the novel a mysterious man named Jay Gatsby throws immaculate parties every Saturday night in hope to impress his lost lover, Daisy Buchanan. Gatsby lives in a mansion on West Egg across from DaisyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Jazz Age was an era where everything and anything seemed possible. It started with the beginning of a new age with America coming out of World War I as the most powerful nation in the world (Novel reflections on, 2007). As a result, the nation soon faced a culture-shock of material prosperity during the 1920’s. Also known as the â€Å"roaring twenties†, it was a time where life consisted of prodigality and extravagant parties. Writing based on his personal experiences, author F. ScottRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1166 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Haze F. Scott Fitzgerald lived in a time that was characterized by an unbelievable lack of substance. After the tragedy and horrors of WWI, people were focused on anything that they could that would distract from the emptiness that had swallowed them. Tangible greed tied with extreme materialism left many, by the end of this time period, disenchanted. The usage of the literary theories of both Biographical and Historical lenses provide a unique interpretation of the Great Gatsby centered aroundRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald845 Words   |  3 PagesIn F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, colors represent a variety of symbols that relate back to the American Dream. The dream of being pure, innocent and perfect is frequently associated with the reality of corruption, violence, and affairs. Gatsby’s desire for achieving the American Dream is sought for through corruption (Schneider). The American Dream in the 1920s was perceived as a desire of w ealth and social standings. Social class is represented through the East Egg, the WestRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesrespecting and valuing Fitzgerald work in the twenty-first century? Fitzgerald had a hard time to profiting from his writing, but he was not successful after his first novel. There are three major point of this essay are: the background history of Fitzgerald life, the comparisons between Fitzgerald and the Gatsby from his number one book in America The Great Gatsby, and the Fitzgerald got influences of behind the writing and being a writer. From childhood to adulthood, Fitzgerald faced many good andRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2099 Words   |  9 Pagesauthor to mirror his life in his book. In his previous novels F. Scott Fitzgerald drew from his life experiences. He said that his next novel, The Great Gatsby, would be different. He said, â€Å"In my new novel I’m thrown directly on purely creative work† (F. Scott Fitzgerald). He did not realize or did not want it to appear that he was taking his own story and intertwining it within his new novel. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, he imitates his lifestyle through the Buchanan family to demonstrateRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1607 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Gatsby is an American novel written in 1925 by F. Scott Fitzgerald. One of the themes of the book is the American Dream. The American Dream is an idea in which Americans believe through hard work they can achieve success and prosperity in the free world. In F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, the American Dream leads to popularity, extreme jealousy and false happiness. Jay Gatsby’s recent fortune and wealthiness helped him earn a high social position and become one of the mostRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1592 Words   |  7 PagesMcGowan English 11A, Period 4 9 January 2014 The Great Gatsby Individuals who approach life with an optimistic mindset generally have their goals established as their main priority. Driven by ambition, they are determined to fulfill their desires; without reluctance. These strong-minded individuals refuse to be influenced by negative reinforcements, and rely on hope in order to achieve their dreams. As a man of persistence, the wealthy Jay Gatsby continuously strives to reclaim the love of hisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s witnessed the death of the American Dream, a message immortalized in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Initially, the American Dream represented the outcome of American ideals, that everyone has the freedom and opportunity to achieve their dreams provided they perform honest hard work. During the 1920s, the United States experienced massive economic prosperity making the American Dream seem alive and strong. However, in Fitzgerald’s eyes, the new Am erican culture build around that

The Secret Circle The Hunt Chapter 30 Free Essays

Cassie looked around in confusion. Something strange was happening to all the members of the Circle. Adam was sneering oddly. We will write a custom essay sample on The Secret Circle: The Hunt Chapter 30 or any similar topic only for you Order Now His hands were balled into fists and he was grinding his teeth. There was sweat dripping from his forehead down the front of his face, but he seemed not to notice. He also stared at Cassie with narrowed blackened eyes. A shiver ran down Cassie’s spine. â€Å"Scarlett,† she said. â€Å"Tell me what you’ve done to them.† â€Å"I didn’t do anything.† Scarlett smirked. â€Å"They did it to themselves, casting that spell against the hunters. Any spell cast from our family’s book by a nonfamily member calls on our bloodline. It gave the perfect portal into our world for a few unsettled spirits.† Cassie looked around at her friends, now all strangers to her. Sean was mumbling in an incoherent language while Chris laughed like a lunatic and Doug convulsed in a fit on the ground. Melanie’s and Laurel’s faces had altered. They looked nothing like themselves, and they chattered in voices that weren’t their own – Melanie’s was deep and husky while Laurel’s was high-pitched and playful like a child’s. â€Å"I am falsely accused,† Melanie declared, while rocking forward and back. Laurel laughed and clapped, and replied in a piercing singsong, â€Å"But you will be condemned to hang.† â€Å"Meet the family,† Scarlett said. Cassie wavered. â€Å"I don’t understand.† â€Å"Some of them are still working their way through.† Scarlett gestured toward Chris, Doug, and Sean. â€Å"But they’ll be up and talking like the others soon.† â€Å"Who are they?† Scarlett smiled. â€Å"Our ancestors. These are the people who passed down Black John’s Book of Shadows.† Cassie looked around at her friends, the truth registering slowly: speaking in tongues, convulsions, changes in vocal intonation and facial expression, superhuman strength. â€Å"The Circle is possessed,† she said. Scarlett rolled her eyes. â€Å"Well, duh. These spirits have been waiting to manifest for hundreds of years, to get their power back. And we gave it to them.† Adam stepped forward. His hands were no longer balled into fists and he’d stopped sweating, but his eyes remained dead and black. His body must have been fighting the possession before, but it had now been fully overcome. He nodded confidently at Cassie and then bowed before Scarlett. â€Å"In shackles no more,† he said. â€Å"To you I am indebted.† He lifted her hand to his lips and kissed it. â€Å"Oh yeah,† Scarlett said, grinning. â€Å"And I’m their leader.† â€Å"You’re not my leader,† Faye called out. She blinked her eyes and looked around, surveying the situation. She appeared a little dazed, but her eyes had returned to their normal color. Cassie exhaled with relief. â€Å"Faye, thank goodness you’re all right.† Faye tossed back her mane of black hair and tilted her head. Just as quickly as Faye had seemed normal, her eyes went dark as night. Cassie started backing away in fear. Scratches and bite marks were reddening upon Faye’s hands and arms, and eel-like lesions were forming on her neck and face. â€Å"I’m on your side, Cassie,† Faye said, moving closer still. â€Å"And I want you to be on my side.† â€Å"Cassandra holds the book. She is ours,† a bold voice behind Cassie said. It was Adam. His features were now firm and serious. Diana curled her fingers and twitched. â€Å"Cassandra shall not be against us; her blood is required.† Cassie continued her backward retreat from the group and realized Scarlett had disappeared. She caught sight of her just as she was about to flee through the mouth of the cave. â€Å"So this was your plan all along?† Cassie ran after Scarlett, shouting. â€Å"To poison us this way just so you could have a black magic Circle?† Scarlett whipped around and put her hands on her hips. â€Å"What was it you asked me back at the Mission House? ‘Who’s Daddy’s favorite?’ Now you have your answer.† â€Å"But none of us have to be this way.† Scarlett continued toward the water and showed no sign of slowing down or even listening. â€Å"Bring us the book, dear one,† Adam called out. â€Å"I was falsely accused, but the book shall set us free,† Melanie’s deep voice repeated. Of course. Scarlett was going home to get their father’s Book of Shadows. But there was no way Cassie was going to let that happen. The dark energy was still coursing through her as well – the remnants of the evil spell remained in her veins. She reached for it mentally, through her own blood and bones. She raised her hands and harnessed every trace of its power toward Scarlett and shouted out, â€Å"Non fugam!† Scarlett was instantly thrown backward, as if she’d run up against a pane of glass. From the ground, she turned to Cassie, stunned. â€Å"You didn’t.† â€Å"Congelasco,† Cassie said, freezing Scarlett in place. Then without hesitation, Cassie lifted her hands to the sky. â€Å"Spelunca est a carcere!† Now no one but Cassie was free to leave the cave. Squeals came from the entire Circle as they scrambled in vain to follow her. â€Å"She doth betray us!† Diana shouted. â€Å"Cassandra,† Adam nobly called to her. â€Å"You’re making a terrible mistake.† But before any of them had the chance to try to stop her, Cassie ran for the water’s edge. She climbed into one of the boats and set the oars with a splash. She rowed hard, still facing the mouth of the cave. The sun was setting in vivid pinks and purples, outlining the cave’s arching shape in a brilliant silhouette. Under any other circumstances, Cassie would have considered the sight of it beautiful. How to cite The Secret Circle: The Hunt Chapter 30, Essay examples

Christian Ethics Department of Humanities

Question: Do not be equally yoke with unbelievers Christians and the people of other faith have different ethical expectations. Can Christians and People of Other Faith have a common social-economic project for the wider community they serve? Answer: In 2 Corinthians 6:1418, Paul has dealt with the issue of having close relationships with non-Christians. Till this point, the significance of having good relationships with the people with whom we work has been vividly portrayed by Paul. For example in 1 Corinthians 5:910, or has emphasized that we should work with non-Christians and in the same way, how this needs to be done has also been discussed by him in 1 Corinthians 10:2533. However, perhaps there are certain limitations regarding the intimacy that the Christians have in their working relationships with non-Christians. In this regard, Paul has said that, do not be unequally yoked with unbelievers. These words remind us of Leviticus 19:19, in which, if it has been presented that different types of animals should not be mated together. The same way, Deuteronomy 22:10 has prohibited that an ox and donkey should not be used together. However these precedents from the Old Testament are concerned with making and with work. On the o ther hand, in the present assignment, the question that has been explored is if the Christians and the people of other faiths can become involved in social or economic projects (Hughes, 1977). Ordinarily worse, the limitations that have been imposed on working with nonbelievers have to be explored in order to find an answer to this question. In this regard, the term 'yoked' appears to be of the most significance. When two animals are yoked together, they have to move in lockstep. Therefore if one animal is going to turn left, the other animal also has to turn left even if it may not want to so. This is completely different from the situation where, for example the animals are grazing in a herd. Therefore in this case, even if they cooperate with each other but still they have the freedom to move in any direction they want to and they may even decide to depart from the herd itself. Therefore, metaphorically speaking two animals or two persons are yoked together; each one of them will be bound to do whatever the other one has decided to do. In this way, if two persons have been yoked together, the choices made by one person will compel the other to follow the same decisions even if the person is not willing to do so (Webb, 1992). Therefore, in case of being yoked together, a person becomes bound by the actions and the unilateral decisions of the other person. Therefore, Paul wants that we should not be unequally yoked. The question arises in this regard that what does he means by being equally yoked. However the answer to this question has already been given by Jesus (Barrett, 1973). He calls to those who follow him when He says take my yoke upon you. Therefore, Paul has told us that we should not be unequally yoked with the nonbelievers because we are already yoked to Jesus. In this way, while one part of the yoke is around us, the other part is on the shoulders of Jesus. In this way, Jesus decides the bearing, race as well as the part of the team and we have to give in to his leadership. With the help of His yoke, we can feel his guidance, his pull and the direction selected by him for us (Martin, 1986). In the same way, through his yoke, He also trains us to work efficiently as a part of His team. Similarly, His yoke leads us and also binds us to Him. As a result of being yoked to Jesus, we become partners with Jesus in restoring the creation of God in every sphere of life (Barnett, 1997). Jesus says that, my yoke is easy, and my burden is light (Matt. 11:29b) still the work that we are doing with him can be compared to the transformation of the whole cosmos. In this way, when Paul tells us that we should not be unequally you an hour working relationships, in fact he is giving as a warning that we should not get involved in working situations where we may be prevented from doing the work that Jesus wants us to do or we are prevented from working in the way in which Jesus wants us to work. In this regard, it can be said that this statement has a very significant ethical element (Fee, 1977). According to Paul, it needs to be seen what partnership is present between righteousness and lawlessness. Therefore if the requirements of the work situation requires that we may have to cause a harm to the customers or we have to abuse the co-workers, mislead the employees or deceive the members of the society or to pollute the environment, it can be said that in such a case they will be yoked into the violation of our duties that have been imposed on us as the Stewards of the kingdom of God. But it also needs to be noted that ethics is not the only element in this regard (Thrall, 1977). Therefore apart from preventing us from doing anything that can be considered as unethical, being yoked to Jesus also requires that we should work to reconcil e or restore the world to the vision of God. In this way, at the very least it can be suggested that careful attention needs to be paid to the values, methods of working, motivations, integrity and other similar factors while making a decision with whom we are going to work (Kmmel, 1966). In this way, it can be said that being unequally yoked with unbelievers can be described as a situation where we have to follow the decisions and the actions of the other people who have purposes and values that are incompatible with the purposes and values of Jesus. This position can be illustrated with the help of few examples. Therefore a business partnership, generally appear to be a form of a yoke. In case a contract has been signed by a partner or if money has been spent by the partner or any property is sold or purchased by the partner, or even if any law has been violated by the partner, the other partner will be considered to have taken part in these actions or decisions (Dahl, 1977). In this sense, to create a business partnership can be considered as unequal yoking. Therefore even if the believer has just that the nonbelievers partners will not do anything unethical, is it still possible that the nonbelievers partners will also want to transform the world in the way in whi ch God intends it to be. Therefore even if the nonbelieving partner does not force the believer to do anything unethical or evil, will it obstruct him or her from doing all the good things that Christ wants us to do (Plummer, 1966). Similar consequences may also arise in other cases like making a pledge of office, purchasing property jointly or raising money for a nonprofit organization. On the other hand, in case of a single commercial transaction, in which an item is sold and purchased between two parties, generally there is no yoking present. The reason is that in this case the parties have already agreed in advanced regarding a single item of business and then they have to perform their part under the agreement (Betz, 1973). Of course, it is necessary that we should agree to a particular transaction only if it is according to the values and causes of God. Therefore in such a case, none of the parties is bound by anything that has been done by the other party after the transaction. Some of the examples of the transactions that have a limited scope and duration include teaching a class, writing for a newspaper or volunteering in a civic event. Somewhere between these two situations lies the purchase of stocks. As the stock owners are considered as part owners of the company morally even if not legally, they are bound by the decisions that have been made by the directors of the company. However this situation continues only for the period they own the stock of the company. In the same way, when we raise money for a nonprofit organization or for a political campaign, we have to live with the consequences of the choices made by others however the situation does not continue forever (Hring, 1962). In this way, as these examples reveal that there is no hard and fast rules for deciding what can be considered as unequal yoke. Each case has to be decided on its own merits. However in practice, there can be certain difficulties in deciding if a particular working relationship can be described as a form of yoking. Perhaps, doing our job along with a secular organization is not a form of yoking (Derrett, 1978). But in this regard if we have gone so far in debt that it becomes nearly impossible to quit the job, perhaps in such a case the employment relationship made turn into de facto yoking. The reason is that in such a case, the person loses his or her freedom to quit the job in case it is found that the organization is being involved in ungodly activities. For example, if a partnership has been offered to a lawyer by a very reputed law firm but he finds out that very soon after becoming partners, a number of other lawyers were getting divorced, the lawyer decide to refuse the offer. The reason is that in such a case, the acceptance of the offer of partnership may turn out to be a yoke to the values and practices that are not compatible with the commitment according to which he had decided to place his wife first as compared to the other people in his life. But at the same time, it also needs to be remembered that these words of Paul should not be treated as mentality of any confrontation with the nonbelievers. Like anybody else, Paul was also aware of the fact that the believers also fall short of the values of God (Bloom, 1993). As a result, it is very important that we should not be unequally yoked given in case of Christians if their conduct is such that it may pull us away from the yoke of God. In the same way, we have to receive the grace of Christ every day so that by being yoked with us, any other person is also not dissuaded from working in accordance with the ways and purposes of God. Another very significant thing is that we should not judge or condemned the nonbelievers that they are inherently unethical (Cloete and Smit, 1994). The reason is that even Paul himself had not done so. Consequently we have not the ones who have to judge but we have to discern if the working relationships in which we entered may not allow us to w ork for the ways in which God wants us to. One very significant questions that can be passed to the while deciding this issue is asked by Paul. He asks "what does that a believer shares with unbeliever?" (2 Cor.6:15). Therefore if by asking this question, we find out that we have the same values and goals regarding the work that is going to be undertaken jointly, in such a case, it can be said that the God's will is going to be served if we are going to work with nonbelievers (Cochrane, 1974). For this purpose, the opportunities as well as the risks can be evaluated and this can be done by evaluating in advance, all the commitments that may arise in such a working relationship. In the same way, it also needs to be considered how the individual capabilities and restrictions can increase or decrease the chances of being pulled away from working in the way in which God wants us to. Therefore we see that the decision to work with the nonbelievers in any social or economic undertaking can be different in case of each person (De Gr uchy, 1993). This decision also depends on the strengths and weaknesses of each person and therefore a free association for a person may turn out to be a binding you for the other person. For example, it can be relatively easy to quit the job for a person who has recently graduated but making the same decision can be relatively difficult for a person at the senior position in the company. This can also be set in other words that the more significant role of a person in a working relationship, the more significant it becomes to ensure that the person is not being yoked in a situation where the person may be pulled away from working according to God's will (Douglas, 1982). Therefore, it will be advisable for all the Christians if they carefully consider the commitments in advance before entering into a work relationship on a partnership that may be created in social or economic sphere. The importance of this also emerges particularly when it is applied to social relationships like marriage. Therefore when marriage takes place between the believer and a nonbeliever, it can be said that the testimony of such a person for Christ will be impacted. The reason is that the purpose of marriage is to create a total bonding between two lives, a union of one flesh. In this case, both the parties lose themselves in each other and each partner becomes the extension of the other partner in marriage (Eriksen and Lindner, 1997). However if the other half does not share the deepest convictions of the other partner, it is very likely that these convictions may undergo a change in case of the other partner also. However the things are a little bit different in case of economic or business relationships. In this case, while there are certain parallels, there are certain differences also. The reason is that while in case of business relationships, there is not the interweaving of body and soul that is present in case of marriage. Generally, people do not change their most deeply held beliefs only due to the reason that their business partner or a co-worker does not share those beliefs (Everett, 1999). At the same time, a business relationship can also be defined in terms of a contract. Therefore, it can help a lot if all the terms have been clearly defined before entering into a business partnership with any person, whether a Christian or non-Christian. In the same way, it should also be decided in advance regarding the circumstances where the business relationship will come to an end in case of certain events and also the terms of settlement when the relationship is terminated by the parties (Fox, 1998). This is known as an exit strategy in terms of business relationships. But it needs to be noted that obviously in case of marriage, there is no place for such provisions according to the biblical view. However regarding the business relationships, the situation can be clearly explained with the help of an example. For example the Christian OB/GYN has entered into a business partnership with another OB/GYN. While the Christian Dr. does not believe in abortion, the non-Christian partner once that they should perform abortions or compromise the values of the Christian partner in some other way (Grierson, 1984). Therefore such a situation will be very undesirable and entering into such a business relationship will be unwise (Kainer, 1977). However such situation can be dealt with if all the terms and conditions of the economic relationship have been discussed in advance and also an exit strategy has also been formulated (Kaye and Wenham, eds. 1978). In believers, there is the Holy Spirit and therefore they are the new temples of God. God dwells in those who trust in Him and who have repented. In ancient world, the city of Corinth was one of the most evil cities and nearly every sin of the world was committed there. Therefore, all wanted that the believers it should not associate with the wicked sinners of the city. He has stressed upon that the believers should not join together in social and economic projects with the non-believers. However this does not mean that we cannot have non-Christians as our friends or business partners but there should be a line drawn in such relationships and such lines should not be crossed. Under the circumstances, it becomes very important for the believers to carefully evaluate each case in which they are involved in a social order of business relationship with the non-believers. In case they have any doubt or concern regarding the propriety of such a relationship, it is preferable that they should not enter or continue with such a relationship. It is also very important that Christians should maintain their independence in the business relationships to the highest level that may be possible in such a relationship. Particularly in case of business relationships, it is very important that they are aware of all the terms of the agreement that they are going to enter into, with the non-believers, like a partnership on a shareholder agreement. In such a case, the objectives of the business and the commitments to cover the losses should be well defined. Similarly the provisions related with the termination of such a relationship should also be clearly provided. References Alfred Plummer, 1966, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Second Epistle of St. Paul to the Corinthians, in ICC (Edinburgh: T. T. Clark) 201 Bloom, A. 1993, Love and Friendship, New York: Simon and Schuster K. Barrett, 1973, A Commentary on the Second Epistle to the Corinthians, in Harpers New Testament Commentaries (New York: Harper Row) 137 Cloete, G D and Smit, D J 1994, A moment of truth. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Cochrane, A 1974. Eating and drinking with Jesus. Philadelphia: Fortress. De Gruchy, J W 1993. Guilt, amnesty and national reconstruction, in JSAT 83: 313. Douglas, M 1982, Natural symbols, Explorations in cosmology, New York: Oxford University Press Eriksen, J H Lindner, E W 1997, Worship and prayer in ecumenical formation, in Theological Education 34: 2330. Everett, W J 1999. The politics of worship, Reforming the language and symbols of liturgy, Cleveland: United Church Press Fox, N 1998, Church in the daily meal: the ordinance of the breaking of bread. New York: Oxford University Press. Gordon D. Fee, (1977) II Corinthians vi 14 vii 1 and Food offered to Idols, New Testament Studies 23/2: 143 Grierson, D 1984, Transforming a people of God, Melbourne: Joint Board of Education Hans Dieter Betz, (1973) 2 Cor 6:14-7:1: AN ANTI-PAULINE FRAGMENT? Journal of Biblical Literature 92: 108 Duncan M. Derrett, (1978) 2 Cor 6, 14ff. a Midrash on Dt 22, 10, Biblica 59/2: 235 Jean Hring, 1962, The First Epistle of Saint Paul to the Corinthians (London: Epworth) 134 Kainer, G. 1977, Faith, Hope and Clarity, Mountain View: Pacific Press Kaye, B. and Wenham, G., eds. 1978, Law, Morality and the Bible, Downers Grove: IVP. Margaret E. Thrall, (1977) The Problem of II Cor. vi 14 vii. 1 In Some Recent Discussion, New Testament Studies 24: 132 Nils Alstrup Dahl, 1977, Studies in Paul (Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg) 64 Paul Barnett, 1997, The Second Epistle to the Corinthians, in NICNT (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans) 342. Philip Edgcumbe Hughes, 1977, Pauls Second Epistle to the Corinthians, in NICNT, F. F. Bruce, ed. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans) 241 Ralph P. Martin, 1986, 2 Corinthians, vol. 40 in Word Biblical Commentary, Ralph P. Martin, NT ed. (Waco, TX: Word) 223 Werner Georg Kmmel, 1966, Introduction to the New Testament, trans. A. J. Mattill, Jr. (Nashville, TN: Abingdon) 214 William Webb, 1992, What Is the Unequal Yoke in 2 Corinthians 6:14? Bibliotheca Sacra 149/594: 163